THE KAZAKH NATIONAL PRESS OF THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY: ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS, SOCIAL PROCESSES, AND HISTORY EDUCATION

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Abstract

The article examines, from a historical perspective, the enlightenment ideas and social processes reflected in the Kazakh national press of the early twentieth century. The primary source base of the study consists of materials published in «Qazaq», «Aq Zhol», and «Dala Ualayaty» concerning education and enlightenment, social modernization, national consciousness, and Turkey. The study employs historical-systemic and historical-comparative methods, as well as content analysis. The analysis of national press materials shows that issues of education and enlightenment were addressed in close connection with social and cultural changes in Kazakh society. An analysis of publications on Turkey in «Qazaq» and «Aq Zhol» revealed the interest of early twentieth-century Kazakh society in the political and social changes taking place in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey. A comparative analysis of press materials concerning Kazakhstan and Turkey identified the distinctive features of social modernization, enlightenment, and national consciousness shaped by the historical conditions of each society. The study examines the historical role of the Kazakh national press in the formation and dissemination of public opinion and enlightenment ideas and substantiates the importance of using press materials as historical sources in contemporary education. Working with such sources encourages students to examine historical texts in relation to the social conditions of the period, compare different press materials, and develop skills in working with historical sources.