ARCHITECTURAL PRINCIPLES OF DESIGNING DEVOPS INFRASTRUCTURE AND ITS ADAPTATION FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN KAZAKHSTAN

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Abstract

Effective DevOps infrastructure design is a critical prerequisite for continuous, secure, and predictable operation of modern information systems. For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Kazakhstan, DevOps adoption is especially relevant due to constraints in budget, staffing, and operational engineering expertise. This study aims to analyze architectural principles of DevOps infrastructure design and propose adaptation approaches for Kazakhstani SMEs, including cost-efficient deployments in on-premises environments and on virtual private servers (VPS). The research covers DevOps culture, automation of the critical delivery path, CI/CD pipeline architecture, containerization, observability, and integrated security practices (DevSecOps) under resource constraints. Particular attention is paid to secrets management, configuration drift prevention, recoverability (backup and restore testing), and minimizing operational complexity. The study proposes a two-level DevOps infrastructure model (baseline and advanced levels) designed to improve change controllability, accelerate release cycles, and reduce operational risks without relying on expensive enterprise platforms.