DEVELOPMENT OF A RESEARCH-TRAINING STAND AND INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE OUTPUT POWER OF A SOLAR PANEL AND LIGHT INTENSITY
12 7
Özet
Abstract. In the 21st century, the global energy system has been moving towards renewable energy sources. Solar energy, as an environmentally friendly and inexhaustible resource, is becoming a strategic source of electricity production. The efficiency and performance of solar panels are determined by their dependence on external factors, especially the intensity of incident light and the panel’s tilt angle. Therefore, studying the relationship between the output power of a solar panel and light intensity is a relevant scientific direction for optimizing solar energy systems, reducing costs, and increasing efficiency. By developing a special educational and experimental stand, the dependence of the solar panel’s output power on light intensity was experimentally investigated; the panel’s current-voltage (IV) characteristic was plotted, and the fill factor and efficiency indicators were determined. The research was carried out using a research-training stand consisting of a photovoltaic panel, a control panel, projectors, variable loads, voltage/current sensors, and a lux meter. During the experiment, the light intensity was gradually varied, and the panel parameters Voc, Isc, Vmax, and Imax were measured. Based on the obtained data, the fill factor (Fill Factor) and the efficiency coefficient were calculated. The experimental results showed that the output power of the solar panel is approximately directly proportional to the light intensity. The short-circuit current increased linearly with increasing illumination, while the open-circuit voltage changed only slightly. The IV curves at different light levels and the calculated fill factors corresponded to the operating patterns of the photovoltaic panel. In addition, it was observed that the effect of the panel’s tilt angle on power complies with the cosine law. The obtained results can serve as a basis for improving the efficiency of solar panels, ensuring their reliable operation under various conditions, and developing new engineering solutions.
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