NATIVE LANGUAGE USE IN TURKISH TEACHING: A STUDY ON LANGUAGE TRANSFER INFORMED BY CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
0 0
Keywords:
native language, language transfer, Kazakh students, teaching Turkish as a foreign language, contrastive analysisAbstract
This qualitative study investigates the role of native language use in teaching Turkish as a foreign language and its impact on language transfer in classroom settings. The study is based on data obtained via semi-structured interviews with 12 Kazakh students learning Turkish at a university in Kazakhstan. The study determines how students use their native language (Kazakh) in the Turkish learning process and how the use affects linguistic structures, particularly vocabulary, grammar, and syntax. Content analysis is used in the data analysis process. The qualitative data analysis was conducted using the MaxQDA 24.0.0 program. The results of the study show that students see their native language as a supportive tool that promotes comprehension, especially at the beginner level; they benefit from the support of Kazakh in making sense of and transferring new habits or knowledge. However, negative transfer examples are also outlined in areas as pronunciation and syntax. The results show that strategic use of the native language in teaching Turkish deepens acquisition, so linguistic similarities and differences should be taken into consideration. The study is finished with different pedagogical recommendations, such as integrating contrastive and translanguaging approaches, for the control of positive effects in classroom situations.
References
Romero Y., Manjarres M.P. How does the first language have an influence on language learning? A case study in an English ESL classroom // English Language Teaching. – 2017. – №10 (7). – P. 123–139. http://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n7p123
Ringbom H. Cross-linguistic similarity in foreign language learning. – UK: Multilingual Matters, 2007. –152 p.
Larsen-Freeman D. Techniques and principles in language teaching. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. – 166 p.
García O., Wei L. Translanguaging, bilingualism, and bilingual education // The Handbook of Bilingual and Multilingual Education. – Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015. – P. 223–240.
Mpofu T., Ndebele C. An analysis of staff perceptions on translanguaging in teaching and learning at one South African university // Research in Social Sciences and Technology. – 2025. – №10 (1). – P. 442–455. https://doi.org/10.46303/ressat.2025.24
Jarvis S., Pavlenko A. Crosslinguistic influence in language and cognition. – New York: Routledge, 2008. – 287 p.
Ellis R. Understanding second language acquisition. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. – 376 p.
Oğur E., Baştürk Ş. Türkiye Türkçesi öğrenen Kazak öğrencilerde ana dili etkisi // Türk ve İslam Dünyası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. – 2022. – №9 (33). – P. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.29228/TIDSAD.62573
Daurenbek S., Açık F. Türkiye Türkçesi öğrenen Kazak öğrencilerin yazılı anlatımlarındaki sorunlar // Presentation at the 6th International Symposium on Turkic World Studies. – 2019. – P. 227-299.
Biçer N., Alan Y. Türk soylulara Türkçe öğretimi ile ilgili çalışmalara genel bir bakış // Fırat University Journal of Social Sciences. – 2019. – №29 (1). – P. 143–157. https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.538665
Yıldırım A., Şimşek H. Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. – Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları, 2011. – P. 448.
Creswell J.W. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. – Los Angeles: Sage, 2018. – 388 p.
Miles M.B., Huberman A.M. Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). – CA: Sage, 1994. – 338 p.
Paker T., Karaağaç Ö. The use and functions of mother tongue in EFL classes // Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences. – 2015. – №199. – P. 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.494
Odlin T. Language transfer. Cross-linguistic influence in language learning. – Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1989. – 207 p.
Durmuş M. The Role of L1 in Foreign Language Teaching Classrooms // Sakarya University Journal of Education. – 2019. – №9 (3). – P. 567–577. https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.614963
Lado R. Language teaching: A scientific approach. – New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964. – 239 p.
Açık F. Karşılaştırmalı çözümleme yaklaşımı ile Türk soylulara Türkiye Türkçesi öğretimi // In A. Şahin (Ed.), Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretimi: Kuramlar, yaklaşımlar, etkinlikler. – Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık, 2018. – P. 309–332.
Temur N. Türk lehçeleri konuşurlarına Türkiye Türkçesinin öğretiminde hazırlanacak ders programları ve materyallerinde temel dil becerilerinin öncelik durumları ve uygulamaları // Paper presented at the 2nd International Symposium on the Teaching of Turkish Language and Literatures. – A., 2017. – P. 798.
Mantasiah Y., Yusri J. The development of grammar teaching material using error and contrastive analysis (A linguistic approach in foreign language teaching) // TESOL International Journal. – 2018. – №13 (3). – P. 9–18.
Khansir A.A., Pakdel F. Contrastive analysis hypothesis and second language learning // Journal of ELT Research. – 2019. – №4 (1). – P.35–43. https://doi.org/10.22236/JER_Vol4Issue1pp35-43
Daurenbek S., Açık F., Ryskulbek D. The impact of contrastive analysis on Turkish linguistic competence: An empirical investigation among students in Kazakhstan // Journal of Culture and Values in Education. – 2025. – №2(8). – P. 97-123. https://doi.org/10.46303/jcve.2025.21
Bardovi‐Harlig K., Sprouse R. A. Negative versus positive transfer // In J. Liontas and M. DelliCarpini (Eds.). The TESOL encyclopedia of English language teaching. – New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2018. – P. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0084
Keshavarz M.N. Contrastive analysis and error analysis (New edition). – Tehran: Rahnama, 2011. – 193 p.
Kurt M. Türkiye Türkçesinin Türk dillilere öğretiminde karşılaşılan olumlu ve olumsuz transferler // In A. Şahin (Ed.). Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretimi: kuramlar, yaklaşımlar, etkinlikler. – Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık, 2018. – P. 302–308.
Gass S.M., Selinker L. Second language acquisition: An introductory course (3rd ed.). – New York: Routledge, 2008. – 616 p.
Khalmatova Z. Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminde çevrimiçi istasyon rotasyon modelinin öğrencilerin dinleme anlama becerisine etkisi // Iasaui universitetinin habarshysy. – 2025. – №1(135). – P. 295-307. https://doi.org/10.47526/2025-1/2664-0686.165
REFERENCES
Romero Y., Manjarres M.P. How does the first language have an influence on language learning? A case study in an English ESL classroom // English Language Teaching. – 2017. – №10 (7). – P. 123–139. http://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n7p123
Ringbom H. Cross-linguistic similarity in foreign language learning. – UK: Multilingual Matters, 2007. –152 p.
Larsen-Freeman D. Techniques and principles in language teaching. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. – 166 p.
García O., Wei L. Translanguaging, bilingualism, and bilingual education // The Handbook of Bilingual and Multilingual Education. – Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015. – P. 223–240.
Mpofu T., Ndebele C. An analysis of staff perceptions on translanguaging in teaching and learning at one South African university // Research in Social Sciences and Technology. – 2025. – №10 (1). – P. 442–455. https://doi.org/10.46303/ressat.2025.24
Jarvis S., Pavlenko A. Crosslinguistic influence in language and cognition. – New York: Routledge, 2008. – 287 p.
Ellis R. Understanding second language acquisition. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. – 376 p.
Oğur E., Baştürk Ş. Türkiye Türkçesi öğrenen Kazak öğrencilerde ana dili etkisi [The effect of mother tongue on Kazakh students learning Turkish in Turkey] // Türk ve İslam Dünyası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. – 2022. – №9 (33). – P. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.29228/TIDSAD.62573 [In Turkish]
Daurenbek S., Açık F. Türkiye Türkçesi öğrenen Kazak öğrencilerin yazılı anlatımlarındaki sorunlar [Problems in the written expressions of Kazakh students learning Turkish in Turkey]// Presentation at the 6th International Symposium on Turkic World Studies. – 2019. – P. 227-299. [in Turkish]
Biçer N., Alan Y. Türk soylulara Türkçe öğretimi ile ilgili çalışmalara genel bir bakış [An overview of studies on teaching Turkish to Turkic-origin peoples] // Fırat University Journal of Social Sciences. – 2019. – №29 (1). – P. 143–157. https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.538665 [In Turkish]
Yıldırım A., Şimşek H. Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in social sciences]. – Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları, 2011. – P. 448. [In Turkish]
Creswell J.W. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. – Los Angeles: Sage, 2018. – 388 p.
Miles M.B., Huberman A.M. Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). – CA: Sage, 1994. – 338 p.
Paker T., Karaağaç Ö. The use and functions of mother tongue in EFL classes // Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences. – 2015. – №199. – P. 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.494
Odlin T. Language transfer. Cross-linguistic influence in language learning. – Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1989. – 207 p.
Durmuş M. The Role of L1 in Foreign Language Teaching Classrooms // Sakarya University Journal of Education. – 2019. – №9 (3). – P. 567–577. https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.614963
Lado R. Language teaching: A scientific approach. – New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964. – 239 p.
Açık F. Karşılaştırmalı çözümleme yaklaşımı ile Türk soylulara Türkiye Türkçesi öğretimi [Teaching Turkish to Turkic nobility using a comparative analysis approach] // In A. Şahin (Ed.), Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretimi: Kuramlar, yaklaşımlar, etkinlikler. – Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık, 2018. – P. 309–332. [In Turkish]
Temur N. Türk lehçeleri konuşurlarına Türkiye Türkçesinin öğretiminde hazırlanacak ders programları ve materyallerinde temel dil becerilerinin öncelik durumları ve uygulamaları [Turkish Polish speakers The priority situations and applications of basic language skills in the course programs and materials to be prepared in the teaching of Turkish in Turkey] // Paper presented at the 2nd International Symposium on the Teaching of Turkish Language and Literatures. – A., 2017. – P. 798. [in Turkish]
Mantasiah Y., Yusri J. The development of grammar teaching material using error and contrastive analysis (A linguistic approach in foreign language teaching) // TESOL International Journal. – 2018. – №13 (3). – P. 9–18.
Khansir A.A., Pakdel F. Contrastive analysis hypothesis and second language learning // Journal of ELT Research. – 2019. – №4 (1). – P.35–43. https://doi.org/10.22236/JER_Vol4Issue1pp35-43
Daurenbek S., Açık F., Ryskulbek D. The impact of contrastive analysis on Turkish linguistic competence: An empirical investigation among students in Kazakhstan // Journal of Culture and Values in Education. – 2025. – №2(8). – P. 97-123. https://doi.org/10.46303/jcve.2025.21
Bardovi‐Harlig K., Sprouse R. A. Negative versus positive transfer // In J. Liontas and M. DelliCarpini (Eds.). The TESOL encyclopedia of English language teaching. – New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2018. – P. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0084
Keshavarz M.N. Contrastive analysis and error analysis (New edition). – Tehran: Rahnama, 2011. – 193 p.
Kurt M. Türkiye Türkçesinin Türk dillilere öğretiminde karşılaşılan olumlu ve olumsuz transferler [Positive and negative transfers encountered in the teaching of Turkish to Turkish speakers in Turkey] // In A. Şahin (Ed.). Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretimi: kuramlar, yaklaşımlar, etkinlikler. – Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık, 2018. – P. 302–308. [in Turkish]
Gass S.M., Selinker L. Second language acquisition: An introductory course (3rd ed.). – New York: Routledge, 2008. – 616 p.
Khalmatova Z. Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminde çevrimiçi istasyon rotasyon modelinin öğrencilerin dinleme anlama becerisine etkisi [The effect of online station rotation model on listening comprehension skills of students in teaching Turkish as a foreign language] // Iasaui universitetinin habarshysy. – 2025. – №1(135). – P. 295-307. https://doi.org/10.47526/2025-1/2664-0686.165 [In Turkish]
