Lise Öğrencilerinin Astronomik Bilgilerini Oluşturmak İçin Bir Metodolojinin Oluşturulması
16 56
Anahtar Kelimeler:
subject of physics, critical perception, astronomy, formation, model.Özet
The article provides an overview of current issues related to the insufficient level of astronomical literacy of schoolchildren and provides test data conducted among first-year students of the University. The study also emphasizes international experience, including the US initiative to integrate astronomy into educational programs, highlighting the importance of this discipline in shaping a unified worldview of students. The article provides recommendations for changing the content of the astronomy course, taking into account the identified problems and modern educational needs.
The methodological basis of the study includes the dialectical method of cognition and the system-integrated approach. Changes in the content of the astronomy course are justified and specific measures are proposed to improve the quality of astronomical education in schools. The results of the study are aimed at developing effective methods for the formation of astronomical knowledge in high school students and improving their general scientific literacy.
This article discusses the methodology for developing skills of critical perception of scientific information in the process of teaching astronomy in secondary school. It is suggested that, without weakening the consistency of the course, some materials should be attributed to the variable component. During the research, the stages of critical perception are developed, which are performed based on astronomical knowledge. The basis for the practical implementation of the proposed methodology was the introduction of a system of didactic unity into the learning process. A model of the methodology for the formation of critical perception of schoolchildren in astronomy lessons has been developed. To prevent the formation of information nihilism in the process of teaching astronomy, it is proposed to introduce students to information resources that provide reliable information on astronomy and astrophysics. It is proved that it is necessary to cultivate an attitude by the information of astronomical content received outside of school. To this end, an introduction would be correct, since, firstly, it is necessary to inform about the essence of production and not only scientific, but also scientific knowledge, and secondly, to criticize several common misconceptions, as well as scientific teachings on the relevant topic from the side of science. It is recommended to use the results of the study in the process of teaching astronomy in secondary school.
Referanslar
Мемлекет басшысы Қасым-Жомарт Тоқаевтың «Әділетті Қазақстанның экономикалық бағдары» атты Қазақстан халқына жолдауы. Астана, 01.09.2023. [Электронды ресурс]. URL: https://sputnik.kz/20230901/2023-zhylgy-prezident-zholdauynyn-tolyq-matini-zhariyalandy-38109395.html (қаралған уақыты: 23.02.2024) 2. Ромас И.А. Роль средств обучения для повышения эффективности обучения астрономии в средней общеобразовательной школе: дис. ... канд. пед. наук. – М., 2001. – 205 с. 3. Kaufman N.J. Discovering the Universe. Second edition. – New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1990. – 425 p. 4. Picover Clifford A. Black holes (A travelers guide). – USA: John Willey @Son. Inc., 1996. – 210 p. 5. Zeilik M. Conceptual Astronomy. – USA, John Willey @Son. Inc., 1993. – 512 p. 6. Михайлишина Г.Ф. Изучение современной физики в пед. вузе: содержание, методы и формы обучения: дис. ... канд. пед. наук. – М., 2002. – 288 с. 7. Базлевский Б.В. Астрономия как учебный предмет // Труды Всероссийского совещания преподавателей физики, химии и космографии 5-9 июня 1917 года / под ред. АА. Глаголевой, Е.Е. Дьяковой, C. Жарова и др. – М., 1918. – С. 216–225. 8. Иванова А.Л., Фоминых С.О. Актуальные проблемы преподавания астрономии в средней общеобразовательной школе // Актуальные вопросы методики преподавания математики и физики: сб. докл. и науч. ст. региональной науч.-практ. конф. / отв. ред. А.Н. Матвеева. – Чебоксары: Чуваш. гос. пед. унт, 2021. – С. 159–162. 9. Филиппов И.З. Некоторые вопросы методики преподавания сферической астрономии в средней школе // Ученые записки Забайкальского государственного университета. – 2009. – №2. – С. 21–27. 10. Бартунов О.С., Самодуров В.А. Астрономия и Интернет: история взаимоотношений // Земля и Вселенная. – 2010. – №1. – С. 49–59.
REFERENCES
Memleket basshysy Qasym-Jomart Toqaevtyn «Adіlettі Qazaqstannyn ekonomikalyq bagdary» atty Qazaqstan halqyna joldauy [Address of the head of State Kassym-Jomart Tokayev to the people of Kazakhstan “Economic orientation of just Kazakhstan”]. Astana, 01.09.2023. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://sputnik.kz/20230901/2023-zhylgy-prezident-zholdauynyn-tolyq-matini-zhariyalandy-38109395.html (date of access: 23.02.2024) [in Kazakh] 2. Romas I.A. Rol sredstv obuchenia dlia povyshenia effektivnosti obuchenia astronomii v srednei obsheobrazovatelnoi shkole: dis. ... kand. ped. nauk [The role of teaching tools to improve the effectiveness of teaching astronomy in secondary schools: dis.]. – M., 2001. – 205 s. [in Russian] 3. Kaufman N.J. Discovering the Universe. Second edition. – New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1990. – 425 p. 4. Picover Clifford A. Black holes (A travelers guide). – USA: John Willey @Son. Inc., 1996. – 210 p. 5. Zeilik M. Conceptual Astronomy. – USA, John Willey @Son. Inc., 1993. – 512 p. 6. Mihailishina G.F. Izuchenie sovremennoi fiziki v ped. vuze: soderjanie, metody i formy obuchenia: dis. ... kand. ped. nauk [The study of modern physics at a pedagogical university: content, methods and forms of education: dis.]. – M., 2002. – 288 s. [in Russian] 7. Bazlevskiy B.V. Astronomia kak uchebnyi predmet [Astronomy as an academic subject] // Trudy Vserossiskogo soveshhania prepodavatelei fiziki, himii i kosmografii 5-9 iiunia 1917 goda / pod red. AA. Glagolevoi, E.E. Diakovoi, C. Jarova i dr. – M., 1918. – S. 216–225. [in Russian]
Ivanova A.L., Fominyh S.O. Aktualnye problemy prepodavania astronomii v srednei obsheobrazovatelnoi shkole [Current problems of teaching astronomy in secondary schools] // Aktualnye voprosy metodiki prepodavania matematiki i fiziki: sb. dokl. i nauch. st. regionalnoi nauch.-prakt. konf. / otv. red. A.N. Matveeva. – Cheboksary: Chuvash. gos. ped. unt, 2021. – S. 159–162. [in Russian] 9. Filippov I.Z. Nekotorye voprosy metodiki prepodavania sfericheskoi astronomii v srednei shkole [Some questions of the methodology of teaching spherical astronomy in secondary school] // Uchenye zapiski Zabaikalskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. – 2009. – №2. – S. 21–27. [in Russian] 10. Bartunov O.S., Samodurov V.A. Astronomia i Internet: istoria vzaimootnosheniy [Astronomy and the Internet: a history of relationships] // Zemlia i Vselennaia. – 2010. – №1. – S. 49–59. [in Russian]
