THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF THE MODERNIZATION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN 1978–1998
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Keywords:
gaige, Four Modernizations, Deng Xiaoping, agrarian reform, industrial enterprises, joint-stock companies, industrial reform, free economic zones, farms, people's communes, economic development.Abstract
This article examines the key stages and features of economic and military reforms in China initiated in the late 1970s under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping. It analyzes the strategic goals and political guidelines that shaped the country’s transition from a centrally planned economy to market mechanisms while maintaining socialist foundations. Special attention is given to the reforms in agriculture, industry, education, science and technology, as well as the modernization of the People’s Liberation Army. The study demonstrates how these reforms contributed to sustained economic growth, improved living standards, and the enhancement of national defense capabilities. The article also explores the interplay between economic development and national security, and the impact of reforms on the formation of the modern Chinese governance model and socio-economic policy. Drawing on a wide range of sources, the analysis highlights the comprehensive nature of the transformations that established China as a global leader in the 21st century.
