Some Questions about the Territories Inhabited by Sauromato-Sarmatian Tribes
99 144
Keywords:
nomadic tribes, Sauromates, Sarmat, Sak, Eurasia, South Ural, kurgan, burial tradition.Abstract
In the early Iron Age, the brave Savromat-Sarmatian tribes, dexterous horsemen, well-aimed archers were known in history as «nomadic tribes of horsemen». they occupied a special place in the history of Eurasia. They led a nomadic lifestyle and formed a kind of nomadic culture. The historical evidence suggests that these tribes lived on a large territory in the east from the southern Ural Mountains, in the west to the Danube River. Due to the migration of these tribes to the west, in written sources before the IV century BC is frequently occur the name «Sauromate», and in written sources after the IV century BC – the name «Sarmata». Moreover, in the oldest religious book of the Iranians the Avesta» these tribes known as «Sarima». Now among scientists and researchers the issues of the Sauromat-Sarmatian tribes’ origin, the territory of their land and their political history are still one of the problems that have not found a common solution. For these reasons, this article examines the inhabited territria of the Savromat-Sarmatian tribes, and scientific conclusions are made on the basis of written data and archaeological data. In addition, the article analyzed and established a connection with political history based on written data on the campaigns of these tribes to the West.
References
Brezezinski R., Mielczarek M. The sarmatians B.C. 600 – AD 450. / Window M. ed. – Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd, 2002. – 48 p.
Sizdikov B.S. M.Ö. 1. Binde Avrasya Boskırlarında Yaşayan Atlı Göçebe Kavimlerin Zırhları // Bilig – Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. – 2019. – №90. – S. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9001
Sizdikov B.S., Seraliyev A.A. Swords from Sauromato–Sarmatian Burial Mounds of Western Kazakhstan Analyzed // Oriental Studies. – 2022. – №15(5). – P. 1110–1125. DOI: 10.22162/2619-0990-2022-63-5-1110-1125
Gursoy M. Batı Kazakistan’da Sarmat Mezar Tipleri // Bilig – Turk Dunyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. – 2019. – №88. – S. 137–167.
Gursoy M., Akylbek S., Jetibaev K. The Sarmatian «horseback-riding» burial tradition Examples from West Kazakhstan // Documenta Praehistorica. – 2020. – №47. – P. 412–419. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.526793
Durmuş İ. Sarmatlar. – İstanbul: Akçağ Yayınları, 2012. – 160 s.
Смирнов К.Ф. Савроматы и сарматы // Этнокультурные связи населения Урала и Поволжья с Сибирью, Средней Азией и Казахстаном в эпоху железа. Тез. докл. конф. – Уфа, 1976. – С. 17–19.
Граков Б.Н. Пережитки матриархата у сарматов // ВДИ. – 1947. – №3. – С. 100–121.
Железчиков Б.Ф., Клепиков В.М., Сергацков И.В. Древности Лебедевки (VI–II вв. до н.э.). – М.: Восточная литература, 2006. – 159 с.
Кушаев Г.А. Этюды древней истории степного Приуралья. – Уральск: Диалог, 1993. – 174 с.
Железчиков Б.Ф. Археологические памятники Уральской области. – Волгоград: Изд-во Волгогр. гос. ун-та., 1998. – 82 с.
Пшеничнюк А.Х. Культура ранних кочевников Южного Урала. – М.: Наука, 1983. – 203 с.
Смирнов К.Ф. Савроматы. – М.: Наука, 1964. – 381 с.
Дандамаев М.А. Поход Дария против скифского племени тиграхауда // КСИНА. – 1963. – Bып. 66. – С. 179–269.
Жолдасбаев С.Ж. Ежелгі және ортағасырдағы Қазақ елінің тарихы. – Алматы: Кітап, 2010. – 336 с.
Мошкова М.Г. Памятники Прохоровкой культуры. – М.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1963. – 56 с.
Қазақстан тарихы, көне заманнан бүгінге дейін. Том I / бас ред. М.К. Козыбаев. – Алматы: Атамұра, 2010. – С. 171–172.
Таиров А.Д. Кочевники Урало-Казахстанских степей в VII–VI вв. до н.э. – Челябинск: ЮУрГУ, 2007. – С. 225–233.
Обельченко O.В. Мечи и кинжалы из курганов Согда // Советская Археология. – 1978. – №4. – С. 115–127.
Яблонский Л.T. Некрополи древнего Хорезма. – М.: Вост. лит., 1999. – 325 с.
Обельченко O.В. Агалыксайские курганы // История материальной культуры Узбекистана. – 1972. – Вып. 9. – С. 56–72.
Манылов Ю.П. Курганы Кокпатаса // История материальной культуры Узбекистана. – 1992. – Вып. 26. – С. 59–89.
Обельченко O.В. Куюу-Мазарский могильник // Труды Института истории, археологии и этнографии. – 1956. – №2. – С. 205–227.
Скрипкин А.С. Сарматы и Восток. – Волгоград: Издательство ВолГУ, 2010. – 369 с.
RЕFЕRЕNСЕS
Brezezinski R., Mielczarek M. The sarmatians B.C. 600 – AD 450. / Window M. ed. – Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd, 2002. – 48 p.
Sizdikov B.S. M.Ö. 1. Binde Avrasya Boskırlarında Yaşayan Atlı Göçebe Kavimlerin Zırhları [Armor of Mounted Nomadic Tribes Living in the Eurasian Boskirs Per Thousand BC] // Bilig – Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. – 2019. – №90. – S. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9001 [in Turkish]
Sizdikov B.S., Seraliyev A.A. Swords from Sauromato–Sarmatian Burial Mounds of Western Kazakhstan Analyzed // Oriental Studies. – 2022. – №15(5). – P. 1110–1125. DOI: 10.22162/2619-0990-2022-63-5-1110-1125
Gursoy M. Batı Kazakistan’da Sarmat Mezar Tipleri [Types of Sarmatian Tombs in Western Kazakhstan] // Bilig – Turk Dunyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. – 2019. – №88. – S. 137–167. [in Turkish]
Gursoy M., Akylbek S., Jetibaev K. The Sarmatian «horseback-riding» burial tradition Examples from West Kazakhstan // Documenta Praehistorica. – 2020. – №47. – P. 412–419. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.526793
Durmuş İ. Sarmatlar [Sarmatians]. – İstanbul: Akçağ Yayınları, 2012. – 160 s. [in Turkish]
Smirnov K.F. Savromaty i sarmaty [Sauromats and Sarmatians] // Etnokulturnye sviazi naseleniia Urala i Povoljia s Sibiriu, Srednei Aziei i Kazahstanom v epohu jeleza. Tez. dokl. konf. – Ufa, 1976. – S. 17–19. [in Russian]
Grakov B.N. Perejitki matriarhata u sarmatov [Remnants of the matriarchy among the Sarmatians] // VDI. – 1947. – №3. – S. 100–121. [in Russian]
Jelezchikov B.F., Klepikov V.M., Sergackov I.V. Drevnosti Lebedevki (VI–II vv. do n.e.) [The antiquities of Lebedevka (VI–II centuries BC)]. – M.: Vostochnaia literatura, 2006. – 159 s. [in Russian]
Kushaev G.A. Etiudy drevnei istorii stepnogo Priuralia [Sketches of the ancient history of the steppe Urals]. – Uralsk: Dialog, 1993. – 174 s. [in Russian]
Jelezchikov B.F. Arheologicheskie pamiatniki Uralskoi oblasti [Archaeological sites of the Ural region]. – Volgograd: Izd-vo Volgogr. gos. un-ta., 1998. – 82 s. [in Russian]
Pshenichniuk A.H. Kultura rannih kochevnikov Iujnogo Urala [Culture of the early nomads of the Southern Urals]. – M.: Nauka, 1983. – 203 s. [in Russian]
Smirnov K.F. Savromaty [Sauromats]. – M.: Nauka, 1964. – 381 s. [in Russian]
Dandamaev M.A. Pohod Dariia protiv skifskogo plemeni tigrahauda [The campaign of Darius against the Scythian tribe Tigrahaud] // KSINA. – 1963. – Byp. 66. – S. 179–269. [in Russian]
Joldasbaev S.J. Ejelgі jane ortagasyrdagy Qazaq elіnіn tarihy [History of the Kazakh people in ancient and medieval times]. – Almaty: Kіtap, 2010. – 336 s. [Іn Kаzah]
Moshkova M.G. Pamiatniki Prohorovkoi kultury [Monuments of Prokhorov culture]. – M.: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1963. – 56 s. [in Russian]
Qazaqstan tarihy, kone zamannan bugіnge deiіn [History of Kazakhstan, from ancient times to the present]. Tom I / bas red. M.K. Kozybaev. – Almaty: Atamura, 2010. – S. 171–172. [Іn Kаzah]
Tairov A.D. Kochevniki Uralo-Kazahstanskih stepei v VII–VI vv. do n.e. [Nomads of the Ural-Kazakh steppes in the VII–VI centuries BC.] – Cheliabinsk: IuUrGU, 2007. – S. 225–233. [in Russian]
Obelchenko O.V. Mechi i kinjaly iz kurganov Sogda [Swords and daggers from the burial mounds of Sogd] // Sovetskaia Arheologiia. – 1978. – №4. – S. 115–127. [in Russian]
Iablonskiy L.T. Nekropoli drevnego Horezma [Necropolises of ancient Khorezm]. – M.: Vost. lit., 1999. – 325 s. [in Russian]
Obelchenko O.V. Agalyksaiskie kurgany [Agalyksai mounds] // Istoriia materialnoi kultury Uzbekistana. – 1972. – Vyp. 9. – S. 56–72. [in Russian]
Manylov Iu.P. Kurgany Kokpatasa [The mounds of Kokpatas] // Istoriia materialnoi kultury Uzbekistana. – 1992. – Vyp. 26. – S. 59–89. [in Russian]
Obelchenko O.V. Kuiuu-Mazarskiy mogilnik [KuyUmazarsky burial ground] // Trudy Instituta istorii, arheologii i etnografii. – 1956. – №2. – S. 205–227. [in Russian]
Skripkin A.S. Sarmaty i Vostok [Sarmatians and the East]. – Volgograd: Izdatelstvo VolGU, 2010. – 369 s. [in Russian]
