Yassawi Journal of Health Sciences

DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE ANAL INCONTINENCE IN ANORECTAL MALFORMATIONS IN CHILDREN

2025-03-06T05:25:52+00:00

Annotation. ATo date, there is no single final point of view on determining the main causes of development and the role of various etiopathogenetic factors leading to postoperative anal incontinence, as well as the choice of a standard method of treatment and ways to prevent this complication, this problem remains unsolved. The study is based on the results of examination and treatment of 234 children with postoperative anal incontinence due to anorectal malformations. In order to determine the degree of anal incontinence and conduct a comparative analysis, our patients were divided into two groups: the main 134 (57.3%) patients and the control 100 (42.7%) patients, who underwent instrumental, endoscopic and functional research methods. Remote results of postoperative anal incontinence in children due to anorectal malformation were studied in 65 of 79 operated patients in the period from 6 months to 5 years. Good and satisfactory results were noted in 86.1% of cases and a negative outcome in 13.9% of cases. In order to obtain positive results in operated patients, they must be under dispensary observation until complete recovery, conservative and rehabilitation measures must be carried out on time and correctly. Only in this case can good and satisfactory results be guaranteed.

ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION: A MODERN VIEW OF THE PROBLEM (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2025-03-06T08:49:19+00:00

Arterial hypertension is the most common chronic disease worldwide and the major risk factor for disability and premature mortality. It contributes significantly to the economic and social burden and can severely impair health-related quality of life. The aim of this review is to comprehensively evaluate and synthesise the current literature on the risk factors, contemporary theories of pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies for arterial hypertension. This article also aims to identify and highlight the main clinical areas, prevention and management strategies for arterial hypertension. The review analyses recent studies on the functional and structural alterations of the cardiovascular system associated with arterial hypertension. The risk factors contributing to the development of arterial hypertension are examined in detail, emphasising the role of hereditary predisposition, age, gender, personality traits, lifestyle habits and co-morbidities. On the basis of the available scientific evidence, we propose that haemodynamic disturbances, inflammatory processes, gut microbiota, immune status, hormonal dysregulation and structural changes in blood vessels play a pivotal role in its pathophysiology. Accordingly, therapeutic management should include dietary modification, regular physical activity, healthy lifestyle, regulation of mineral balance, increased consumption of fermented dairy products and pharmacological interventions.

Genetic determinants of vitamin D metabolism disorders in metabolic syndrome

2025-03-11T12:44:55+00:00

Metabolic syndrome is a complex combination of metabolic changes, including insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, that can lead to various chronic diseases. Vitamin D has been identified as a crucial regulator of metabolic processes, and its deficiency is frequently observed in patients with metabolic syndrome. The genetic determinants that affect vitamin D metabolism represent a crucial aspect that necessitates further in-depth study. The present study investigates the impact of diverse genetic polymorphisms associated with vitamin D metabolism on serum vitamin D levels and their correlation with the components of metabolic syndrome. A particular focus is placed on genes implicated in vitamin D synthesis, transport, and activation and their interaction with other factors such as diet and climatic conditions. The study of genetic factors affecting vitamin D metabolism may facilitate the development of individualized approaches to the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, as well as enhance the understanding of the mechanisms of its pathogenesis.

RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME: CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS AND OPTIMIZATION OF DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY

2025-03-11T12:49:04+00:00

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder that has a considerable impact on patients' quality of life, characterised by an irresistible urge to move the lower extremities, particularly during restful periods and at night. This condition is associated with unpleasant sensations in the legs, which often result in chronic sleep disturbances, such as difficulty in falling asleep and staying asleep. Consequently, individuals suffering from this disorder frequently experience daytime fatigue, cognitive impairments, and an increased risk of developing anxiety and depressive disorders. Despite its high prevalence, the disorder remains underdiagnosed, leading to delays in the initiation of appropriate treatment and the management of symptoms.According to epidemiological studies, the prevalence of restless legs syndrome ranges from 5-10% among the adult population, with a higher prevalence observed among women and elderly individuals.The etiology of restless legs syndrome is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, neurochemical imbalances, iron deficiency, and hormonal dysfunctions, such as hypothyroidism. Adequate diagnosis and effective therapeutic management are contingent on a comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms. This necessitates the exploration of biochemical markers that may facilitate restless legs syndrome diagnosis and optimize treatment strategies. Among these, thyroid-stimulating hormone, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, and interleukin-6 have been identified as potential indicators of pathological processes associated with the disorder.The evaluation of these biochemical markers may contribute to a more individualized approach to treatment, enabling better disease management. The current treatment options for restless legs syndrome include pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. A range of pharmaceuticals, including dopamine agonists, anticonvulsants, and iron supplements, are frequently prescribed with the aim of alleviating symptoms. In addition to drug therapy, non-drug interventions, such as regular physical activity and lifestyle modifications, have been shown to be of significant benefit to patients. A multidisciplinary approach that takes into account neurochemical, biochemical, and hormonal disturbances is essential for achieving better control of symptoms, improving sleep quality, and reducing the psychological burden associated with this disorder. The importance of early diagnosis and the development of personalised treatment strategies cannot be overstated in this context, as they have the potential to significantly enhance the quality of life for individuals affected by restless legs syndrome.

THE ROLE OF GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN METABOLIC SYNDROME, COGNITIVE AND PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS

2025-04-02T05:30:03+00:00

Metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases as well as cognitive and psychosomatic disorders. With the increasing proportion of the elderly population, age-related cognitive decline, defined as a gradual decline in cognitive abilities during the aging process, has emerged as an important public health problem. Genetic determinants of cognitive and psychosomatic disorders in individuals with metabolic syndrome include a large number of genes involved in the regulation of inflammation, metabolism, neuroplasticity and stress. Studies confirm that cognitive impairment in the elderly population is mostly associated with various factors such as environment, lifestyle, metal exposure, some genetic polymorphisms and diseases. The influence of genetic factors in the mechanism of development of cognitive and psychosomatic disorders in metabolic syndrome may help to understand the underlying mechanisms of the disease by identifying genetic biomarkers that indicate susceptibility to the disease. It will also provide the opportunity to select patients for monitoring and follow-up of treatment progress. It may therefore help address the challenges of early diagnosis, screening and prognosis assessment in patients with cognitive impairment with metabolic syndrome.

ANALYSIS OF ASSESSMENT METHODS AND THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME ( LITERARY REVIEW)

2025-03-13T09:08:15+00:00

The global spread of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has become a major public health concern. The incidence and mortality from cardiovascular diseases has increased significantly over the past three decades worldwide. According to forecasts of the World Health Organization, by 2030, up to 30% of deaths worldwide will be associated with a sedentary lifestyle and its negative consequences. The main strategy for preventing these conditions is to correct lifestyle and increase physical activity levels. Observational and interventional studies confirm the important role of physical activity and a healthy lifestyle in reducing the manifestations of metabolic syndrome. Factors such as physical activity and the MedDiet diet contribute to reducing the likelihood of developing it. Each component of the metabolic syndrome is more or less related to the level of physical activity. Although physical activity does not have a direct effect on insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorders, or obesity, it has been proven that increasing activity levels significantly reduces these risk factors, having a positive effect on health. The review of scientific literature examines the impact of physical activity and a healthy lifestyle on metabolic syndrome, as well as clarifies the mechanism underlying their benefits in its prevention and treatment.

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among primary school students as a public health issue: A comparative study between rural and urban areas.

2025-04-02T05:44:31+00:00

The main purpose of the research work is to study the diversity of the etiological structure of gastrointestinal parasites among primary school students in rural and urban settlements of the Turkestan region by identifying and comparing the frequency of their occurrence and spread.

Gastrointestinal parasitic infections pose a serious public health problem worldwide, especially in rural areas of developing countries. There is evidence that about 3.5 billion people worldwide have been infected with parasitic infections, of which about 450 million (about 30%) children have been infected with gastrointestinal parasites. It is known that primary school students are in a vulnerable group at risk of contracting gastrointestinal parasitic infections due to immaturity of the immune system, non-compliance with hygiene measures, oral activity. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 870 million children live in an endemic zone with gastrointestinal worms and annually lead to the death of 15 million young children, most of whom are widespread in developing countries, mainly on the Asian and African continents.

The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time the etiological structure of gastrointestinal parasites occurring among primary school students of rural and urban settlements of Turkestan region will be revealed, the frequency of their occurrence and distribution will be studied. The influence of various levels of the economic and social factor of rural and urban settlements on the frequency of gastrointestinal parasites is also investigated. To contribute to the World Health Organization on behalf of the Republic of Kazakhstan. As a result of the study, the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in children in our state, which is among the developing countries, will be revealed or not revealed, compared with each other in socio-economic conditions with other developed and underdeveloped states.