Turkic historical studies (pISSN: 3007-6358 / eISSN: 3007-6366)

THE CONSEQUENCES OF JAPANESE HIKES KHUBILAI

Akmarjan — 2025-06-30

The Mongol invasions of Japan (in 1274 and 1281) led by Kublai Khan had a significant impact on Japan and the Far East region. Japan strengthened its defenses, the military role of the samurai was strengthened, and the myth of the "divine wind" (kamikaze) emerged, which influenced Japanese culture and isolationist policies. For the Mongol state of Kublai Khan, these campaigns were economically devastating and undermined the prestige of the army. Studying these events is important because they demonstrated the vulnerability of the Mongols and contributed to the stabilization of Japan as an independent power.

ÂŞIK YUSUF ATA YAZMASI: YESEVÎ TASAVVUF OKULUNUN BİR YANSIMASI

Kunsulu Asetova — 2025-07-01

Bu makalede, XII–XIII yüzyıllarda yaşamış olan ve Hoca Ahmet Yesevi’nin tasavvufi ekolünün önde gelen temsilcilerinden ve müridlerinden biri olan Âşık Zhusıp Ata’ya ait bir yazma eser ele alınmaktadır. Türkistan şehrinde bulunan bu kadim yazılı kaynak temelinde, Âşık Zhusip Ata’nın manevi yolu, tasavvufi düşünce sistemi, ilahi aşk anlayışı ve tarikattaki konumu çok yönlü olarak analiz edilmektedir. Eserde nesep bilgileri, dini-mistik deneyimler ve tarikat yapıları yer almaktadır. Metindeki tasavvufi kavramlar ve tarihî veriler, Yesevi yolunun fikrî devamlılığını ve ruhani silsilesini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu miras, Yesevilik araştırmalarına değerli katkılar sunmakta ve Türk tasavvuf geleneğinin derinlemesine anlaşılmasına imkân sağlamaktadır.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE BURIAL MOUND CEMETERY OF KANYARBULAK

Baurzhan Baitanayev — 2025-07-01

The burial sites of the Kaynarbulak burial mound are located on the northwestern outskirts of the city of Shymkent, within the territory of the under-construction industrial zone "Bozaryk," and at the time work began, they were at risk of complete destruction due to the intensive development of this area.

During the protective and rescue operations, 16 burial mounds with earthen embankments were studied. Burials were conducted both in ground graves and in catacombs with dromoses. Almost all the burials were disturbed in ancient times. Most of the skeletons are scattered across the burial structures, some are partially lost.

Finds from the graves include broken and intact forms of kitchen and table ceramics (jugs, pots, mugs, and tableware of open forms), fragments of heavily corroded iron and bronze artifacts (knives, arrowheads, ornaments), as well as beads. The orientation of the buried in the catacombs is mainly to the east, while in ground graves it is to the west.

Chronologically studied burial sites contain materials from the early Iron Age and the Middle Ages. The entire set of finds from the early Iron Age is conventionally divided into three chronological groups: V to II centuries BC, II century BC – I century AD, and I to IV centuries AD. The burials from the medieval period were conducted according to the Muslim rite.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF KARAUL-TOBE, SHYMKENT

Baurzhan — 2025-07-01

The article presents the results of emergency archaeological investigations conducted at the Karaultobe site, located in the city of Shymkent. These studies made it possible to examine the site's stratigraphy, the stages of its construction, and the specific methods used in its formation.

Karaultobe is an artificially constructed mound composed of layered soil deposits of various types. Archaeological research revealed the construction techniques used for both the mound and the massive clay platform, as well as two distinct chronological layers containing finds: the earlier layer dates to the I-IV centuries AD, while the later one, attributed to the Samanid period, dates to the X century AD.

The analysis conducted in this study refutes the previous classification of the site as a "royal burial mound." Instead, the name "Karaultobe" reflects its original function – as a watchpost and a key element in the fortification system of the Shymkent settlement.

THE HISTОRY ОF THE LEGАL FОUNDАTIОNS ОF CООPERАTIОN BETWEEN THE АRАB STАTES ОF THE PERSIАN GULF АND THE REPUBLIC ОF UZBEKISTАN

Fаrrux Kаmоliddinоv — 2025-07-01

This аrticle exаmines the histоricаl develоpment аnd current legаl fоundаtiоns оf cооperаtiоn between the Аrаb Stаtes оf the Persiаn Gulf аnd the Republic оf Uzbekistаn. The study аnаlyzes the bilаterаl аnd multilаterаl legаl instruments thаt fоrm the bаsis fоr diplоmаtic, pоliticаl, ecоnоmic, аnd culturаl relаtiоns between the twо sides. It аlsо highlights Uzbekistаn’s fоreign pоlicy priоrities, strаtegic interests, аnd the rоle оf internаtiоnаl lаw аnd nаtiоnаl legislаtiоn in shаping these pаrtnerships. Speciаl аttentiоn is given tо the impаct оf regiоnаl аnd internаtiоnаl оrgаnizаtiоns, аs well аs recent multilаterаl initiаtives thаt further deepen these relаtiоns.

CRITERIA FOR THE DISMISSAL OF OFFICIALS IN THE TĪMŪRID EMPĪRE

Sherzod Karimov — 2025-07-01

This article analyzes the criteria for the dismissal of officials during the Tīmūrid era based on historical sources. In particular, Khwāndamīr’s Dastūr al-wuzarā (“The Manual of Viziers”) and his other prominent work Rawżat al-ṣafā (“The Garden of Purity”) are examined as key sources within the scope of this study. These works not only recount historical events but also shed light on the ethical and administrative principles of public service, outlining the responsibilities and accountability of state officials.

Furthermore, the article explores how concepts such as authority distribution, loyalty, honesty, justice, and responsibility influenced the conduct of officials within the Tīmūrid administrative system. The main objective is to assess the role of dismissal criteria in ensuring political and social stability in the medieval period through the example of the Tīmūrid state and to evaluate this experience as a historical model that can contribute to a deeper understanding of modern theories of public administration.

THE LIFE AND WORK OF BIBLIOGRAPHER ABDULLA NOSIROV (1899-1987)

Nodirabegim Nasirillaeva — 2025-07-01

This article examines the scientific and creative activities of Uzbek bibliographer and orientalist scholar Abdulla Nosirov (1899-1987) from 1916 to 1940 using a chronological and analytical approach. Drawing on archival documents, notebooks, and periodical press materials, the author analyzes Nosirov's calligraphic work, which he began under the pseudonym "Nosihiy," his library work at the "Turon" library, his connections with prominent intellectuals, the political pressures he faced during the Soviet era, and his contributions to the formation of his bibliographic legacy. The article explores Nosirov's work from the perspectives of library science, source studies, and the history of the press, demonstrating the significance of his scholarly legacy for contemporary scholarship.

THE ENLIGHTENMENT MOVEMENT AND THE FORMATION OF THE LOCAL INTELLIGENTSIA IN EASTERN TURKESTAN IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Shukur Yuldashev — 2025-07-01

This article highlights the Enlightenment movement that emerged in Eastern Turkestan during the first half of the 20th century and the role of the local intelligentsia in its development. It also analyzes the significance of the Jadid movement in the socio-political and cultural life of the region, as well as the efforts of intellectuals to awaken the public, reform the educational system, and foster national consciousness. The Enlightenment movement, which began in the late 19th century in neighboring regions - particularly in Turkestan - did not leave the local intelligentsia of Eastern Turkestan indifferent. These intellectuals took active steps to educate the population and contribute to the development of the state. They worked toward reforming school education, shaping a new worldview in the field of education, and establishing a local intellectual class. Enlightenment figures such as the Musaboyev brothers and Abduqodir Domla played an important role in this process. The article is based on historical sources and scholarly literature, and aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the Enlightenment movement in Eastern Turkestan.