Turkic historical studies (pISSN: 3007-6358 / eISSN: 3007-6366)

DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN THE USA AND THE PROBLEM OF SLAVERY (THE 50S AND 60S OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY)

Gulzhamal Zhoraeva — 2025-03-31

With the development of capitalism in the USA in the 50s and 60s of the nineteenth century, social and economic changes took place in society. During this period, under the influence of the industrial revolution, the country's economy developed rapidly. In the northern regions of the United States, the number of factories has increased, and instead of agricultural production, the transition to an industrial economy has begun. This trend has led to the strengthening of capitalist relations.

However, there were also negative consequences of the development of capitalism. The institution of slavery has been preserved in the southern states, and this system has undergone significant changes in the economic structure of the country. Slaves worked in agriculture and on plantations, which caused workers to be highly dependent and violated human rights. The issue of slavery caused a sharp debate in society, and this problem became one of the main factors leading to the civil war.

The article examines the problem of slavery related to the development of capitalism in the United States, conflicts and contradictions between different strata of society. It is reported that the economic and social differences between the northern and southern states have deepened and had a great impact on the future of the country.

PSYCHOLOGY OF POLITICAL REPRESSION: ON THE EXAMPLE OF ISA TOKTYBAYEV

Amankul Azirbekova — 2025-03-31

The article examines the psychology of political repression of a personality through the life and work of Isa Toktybayev. Toktybayev is a historical figure who contributed to the development of the Turkestan Republic, recognized as a political and public figure. The article analyzes Toktybayev's psychological characteristics, his ability to make decisions, leadership skills and act in a historical context. The author determines the motivation of Toktybayev's actions, linking his behavior and personality traits in difficult historical periods with social, cultural and political conditions. As a result of the research, Isa Toktybayev's personality typology is described as a clear manifestation of his feelings for national interests and social responsibility. The article emphasizes the importance of the psychological typology of historical figures, linking the psychological aspects of personality with social changes in history. This work offers a new approach to a deeper understanding of the socio-political activity of the individual, the study of personality psychology.

FORMS AND METHODS OF STUDYING THE HISTORY OF ANCIENT KAZAKHSTAN BASED ON ANCIENT SOURCES

Marat Salgarayev — 2025-03-31

The purpose of higher education in the Republic of Kazakhstan is to train teachers with professional, communicative, speech, information, intercultural, telecommunication competence, creative potential and abstract thinking. In this regard, there is a need to transform the educational environment of higher education into a single creatively developing educational space that promotes the formation of communicative competence as a factor of successful self-realization in professional activities.

The independence of our country requires fundamental changes in the field of education. First of all, such transformations are necessary in secondary schools and higher education institutions, where transitions to a new educational program are necessary, the implementation of which will give us a new level of education for individuals and society as a whole.

The formation of research competence among future history teachers by introducing them to scientific creativity is the main task of higher and secondary schools. To do this, it is necessary to train qualified teachers who meet all the criteria of the requirements of the general education process.

ALIKHAN BUKEIKHANOV LEADER OF ALASH AND TURKESTAN MOVEMENTS

Hazret Tursun — 2025-03-31

The article is intended to determine the ideological influence of Alikhan Bukeikhanov as a political leader on social and political processes in the Turkestan region. The interpersonal relations and political views of the character are evaluated. It is concluded that his activity as the leader of the Alash movement was not limited to the territory of the Kazakh regions, but also led the national liberation movement in the Turkestan region. The ideological influence on the creation and activity of the Turkestan Mukhtariat created in the region is analyzed.