International Journal of Environmental Science and Green Technology, ISSN: 3080-8693

Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Intelligent Systems in Forest Fire Monitoring and Management

Venelin Terziev — 2026-09-30

The article examines the possibilities of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and modern digital technologies for monitoring and management of forest fires. The limitations of traditional methods for observation and prediction are analyzed, as they are characterized by low operational efficiency, high costs, and limited accuracy under dynamic conditions. An integrated approach is proposed, based on the use of UAVs, geographic information systems (GIS), and image processing methods, which enables real-time data collection and analysis. The structure of an information system for managing firefighting forces and resources is presented, including data acquisition, processing, and transmission from various sources, such as satellite systems and onboard UAV equipment. The study examines the mathematical modeling of forest fire dynamics using an agent-based approach, which allows simulation of both fire spread and suppression processes. The model is integrated with a geoinformation environment, ensuring higher accuracy and applicability in decision-making. The economic efficiency of the proposed solution is also considered, emphasizing the role of early detection and optimal resource allocation in reducing damage. The use of UAVs leads to a significant reduction in costs and an increase in the effectiveness of forest fire management. The integration of UAVs, neural networks, and intelligent systems creates new opportunities for sustainable environmental monitoring and effective management of natural disasters.

Development of a Dual-Powered Garri Fryer for Small Scale Agro-Processing

Jide Olusegun Adedipe — 2026-09-30

This study designed, fabricated, and evaluated a dual-powered garri fryer that can operate interchangeably with electrical and biomass energy sources. The machine was fabricated using AISI 304 stainless steel for the frying chamber, mild steel for the supporting frame, an electric motor, a 3000 W electric heating element, and an insulated biomass combustion chamber. Performance evaluation was conducted using three improved cassava varieties; TME 419, TMS 30572, and TMS 98/0505, which were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial experiment with three replicates under electrical and biomass heating conditions. Frying time, frying capacity, frying efficiency, product moisture content, weight loss, and scorching losses were determined, while the effects of cassava variety and heating source were analyzed using two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 5% level of significance. The electrically powered system had a better performance; it recorded an average frying efficiency of 96.17% and frying capacity of 0.81 kg min^-1, compared with 94.87% and 0.57 kg min^-1, respectively, for biomass heating. Final moisture content ranged from 9.85 to 11.62%, which satisfies the recommended storage standards. Scorching losses were below 2.35% for all treatments, which indicated that heat distribution and continuous agitation were effective. ANOVA results showed that cassava variety had a significant influence on garri yield, scorching losses, and moisture content, at p < 0.05, whereas heating source significantly affected frying time and product moisture content. When compared to the conventional open-pan frying system, the developed fryer performed better in processing efficiency, product uniformity, and operational flexibility. The study contributes to knowledge by introducing a technology that uses dual-energy for garri frying. This can enhance energy resilience, support renewable biomass usage, improve processing efficiency, and provide a mechanization option for sustainable small-scale cassava processing.

Multivariate Analysis of Agro-Morphological Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm from Morocco

Fathalah Elwahab — 2026-09-30

The assessment of agro-morphological diversity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plays an important role in determining superior performing cultivars that adapt well to their environmental settings. The present study was carried out to investigate the genetic diversity and agronomic performance of 34 accessions of rice grown in the Moroccan environment through the application of both descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis methods. Ten agro-morphological characteristics, including plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, panicle length, heading cycle, maturity cycle, thousand grain weight, grain weight, straw weight, and grain yield, were taken into account. As the result of the analysis of variance, it can be said that there is a certain level of difference among accessions according to many analyzed parameters, reflecting the existence of genetical variability of germplasm. The grain yield varied from 6.06 t/ha up to 12.44 t/ha. In order to classify diversity between such materials and establish relationships between them, the following analysis (PCA and clustering) was conducted. It must be noted that there were two main components of principal component analysis accounting for more than 50% of total variability related to productive characters and cultivation period. It should be highlighted that the best accessions among all investigated were KF190022 owing to the highest yield (12.44 t/ha), as well as KF190114 and KF190006 owing to their high agro-economic value. High correlations between panicle length, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield could be revealed on the basis of correlation analysis.

Assessment of the Carbon Footprint in the Clinker-Based Cement Production Process

Damira Sambaeva — 2026-09-30

This paper analyzes the economic activities of several cement plants in the republic based on their ecological passports. It was noted that existing regulatory documents addressed the general environmental issues of individual industries, while the assessment of the carbon load in the cement production process remains open. Given these circumstances, it is emphasized that the formation of carbon-containing substances, including carbon dioxide, occurs during the high-temperature decomposition of calcium carbonate, the main raw material in cement production. Based on raw material consumption data at the Terek-Tash LLC plant (Novopokrovka village, Issyk-Ata District, Chui Region, Kyrgyzstan), a model chemical composition of cement clinker was compiled. It is emphasized that calcium oxide is not used directly in cement production, but is formed during the decomposition of limestone, meaning calcium carbonate was considered a carrier of carbon-containing substances. Accordingly, the concentration distribution of components and particles, including carbon-containing fragments formed at maximum entropy, was calculated. The established physicochemical and thermodynamic parameters of calcium carbonate degradation allowed us to determine the process direction, while the concentration distribution of various carbon-containing fragments in the gas phase revealed the total carbon footprint and the quantitative content of carbon oxides (CO, CO2) depending on temperature.

A Biomimetic Thermal Comfort Model for Office Buildings in Nigeria’s Composite Climate Based on Termite Mound Principles: A Pilot Study

Muhammad Aminu Musa — 2026-09-30

Achieving thermal comfort in office buildings within Nigeria’s composite climate remains a persistent challenge due to high solar radiation and seasonal variations. Previous studies have examined isolated parameters such as Window‑to‑Wall Ratio (WWR), orientation, and spacing, but an integrated predictive model adapted to variable climatic conditions is lacking. This pilot study developed a biomimetic thermal comfort model inspired by termite mound ventilation principles. A quantitative experimental simulation approach was used: a standard office module in Abuja’s composite climate was modelled in DesignBuilder software. The simulation tool was first validated against field measurements from three real office spaces; the mean bias error (%MBE) for operative temperature was –4.35%, well within the acceptable ±15% range. Four design parameters were then systematically tested – opening shape (circular vs. rectangular), orientation (N, S, E, W), WWR (10–30%), and inter‑opening edge‑to‑edge distance (0.5–2.0 m). Multiple regression analysis was performed on a limited dataset (11 simulation scenarios). The results suggest an optimal configuration of circular openings, South orientation, 20% WWR, and 2.0 m spacing. Preliminary predictive equations were obtained: Peak Hours (T_peak = 29.50 – 0.45S + 0.20N + 1.30E + 1.85W + 10.50WWR – 0.55D, R² = 0.98) and Cooling Hours (T_cool = 22.80 – 0.25S + 0.15N + 0.80E + 1.20W + 5.50WWR – 0.60D, R² = 0.97). Because the regression was fitted to only 11 observations with six predictors, these R² values are likely overfitted; the equations should be treated as hypotheses requiring validation with a larger dataset. WWR emerged as the dominant factor during peak hours, while spacing critically influenced nighttime cooling. The study provides a dual‑phase biomimetic framework for future investigation.