Hikmet (pISSN: 3007-858X / eISSN: 3007-8598)

Kazakh Enlightenment in the Context of Jadidism and Gumar Karash’s Educational Approach

2025-05-24T06:39:59+00:00

This article provides a comprehensive examination of the Enlightenment movement that emerged in Central Asia and the Kazakh steppe in the late XIXth and early XXth centuries, with a particular focus on the processes of religious education during this period. The Jadidism movement is discussed as a new paradigm that combined academic disciplines with religious principles, reflecting a reformist approach to religious education. It is emphasized that Jadidism was not merely a teaching method or ideology, but a multidimensional phenomenon with significance in the socio-political structure of the period and its progressive aspects. The study systematically analyzes the attitude of Gumar Karash, one of the leading Kazakh intellectuals of the early XXth century, towards the Jadidism movement, his educational activities, and his views on religious education. Karash’s intellectual output, the uniqueness of his religious views, and the development of his epistemological and worldview perspectives are examined; the content of his works is analyzed in depth to reveal the main orientations of his intellectual world and his mode of thinking at the level of civilization. As a result, it has been determined that Gumar Karash demonstrated a courageous stance against the social challenges of his time, guided society on which interpretation of Islam to adopt, and not only advocated for Jadidist ideas but also successfully implemented them in his own experience. Furthermore, it is concluded that his religious approach aligns with what is today described as a “moderate” and “secular” interpretation of Islam, and that he developed an original approach based on the integration of religion and academic education.

Traditional Culinary Culture of the Kazakh People and its Integration with the Principles of Islamic Nutrition

2025-05-22T09:25:41+00:00

This article examines the interconnection between the traditional culinary culture of the Kazakh people and the principles of Islamic nutrition, as well as their mutual influence. Kazakh dietary traditions have developed over centuries, adapting to the nomadic lifestyle and natural-geographical conditions. The foundation of the national cuisine consists of meat, dairy products, grains, and natural beverages. The dietary customs of the Kazakh people emphasize the use of environmentally friendly products, traditional methods of long-term food preservation, and the formation of a diet based on seasonal characteristics. The spread of Islam has had a significant impact on the culinary culture of the Kazakh people, contributing to the formation of halal standards. In accordance with Muslim dietary requirements, traditional Kazakh dishes do not contain pork or alcoholic beverages. Furthermore, livestock slaughtering methods and food consumption practices comply with Sharia norms. Many types of Kazakh cuisine promote improved digestion, strengthen the immune system, and provide the body with essential vitamins and minerals. Additionally, the study explores methods of storing and processing meat products in accordance with Sharia norms, confirming their full compliance with Islamic standards of safety and quality. This study aims to scientifically substantiate the conformity of Kazakh dishes with Sharia requirements and their integration into international halal industry standards, facilitating their recognition at the global level.

Comparative Analysis of Sharia Norms and International Bioethical Standards

2025-05-22T09:33:38+00:00

The article provides a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between Sharia norms and international bioethical standards. The authors examine the methods used to protect human rights in the era of globalization, as well as the methodological foundations of Sharia and contemporary bioethics. In the Islamic legal system, the protection of human dignity, life, and health holds a central place. Based on Quranic verses and hadiths, Sharia highly values the right to life and the integrity of the human body. In Western bioethics, the core principles also include non-maleficence, beneficence, respect for autonomy, and justice. However, in Islamic countries, individual freedom is limited by obligations, while in the Western model, personal autonomy prevails. The article also compares the experiences of international organizations in bioethics and the principles of Islamic ethics. In Eastern societies, cultural and religious traditions play a significant role in decision-making, whereas in the West, individualism and rationality are prioritized. In conclusion, the mutual influence of bioethics and Sharia is shown to be important for safeguarding human rights and making fair decisions. The study contributes to strengthening the ethical culture of society, respect for human life, and the principles of justice.

Turkic Caravanserais of the 10th–12th Centuries on the Silk Road and the Building Types that played a Role in their Development

2025-06-04T11:31:16+00:00

The Ghaznavid, Karakhanid and Seljuk civilizations built monumental architectural works in their geography between the 10th and 12th centuries. These civilizations living on the Central Asian plateau built stations, inns and caravanserais between cities, on plains and valleys. Caravanserais, which constitute an important part of these works on the Silk Roads, were built as a resting and accommodation point between the long journeys of caravans, travelers or caravan caravans. The historical evolution of societies can often be traced through the architectural works they leave behind. Among these, architectural works such as stations, inns and caravanserais stand out as important structures that serve both practical purposes and play an important role in shaping the cultural and economic structure of the regions throughout history. In this study, attention is drawn to these architectural elements that affect the development, origins and architectural features of caravanserais. The historical significance of this architectural development process affecting Ghaznavid, Karakhanid and Seljuk caravanserais and its effects on contemporary understanding are also discussed. These structures, called caravanserais, inns or with different cultural names, show dimensional and functional diversity in the history of Turkish architecture, depending on the military and economic conditions of the civilization in which they were built. The study investigated the influence of Achaemenid and Parthian postal stations (çaparhane), Incense Road caravanserais, North Asian kurgan and courtyard housing architecture, and Early Middle Ages settlement structures on the development of Ghaznavid, Karakhanid and Seljuk caravanserais located on the Silk Road routes.

The Importance of Philosophical Knowledge in Shaping Children's Thinking System and Worldview

2025-06-08T16:28:09+00:00

From the moment of birth, a child strives to comprehend and understand the surrounding world, taking the first steps toward philosophical thinking through this cognitive process. However, in today's rapidly developing information society, there are numerous factors that distort children's consciousness, lead to flawed perceptions, and limit their worldview. Therefore, for children, it is important not only to acquire knowledge but also to develop the ability to analyze, evaluate, and think critically. In this regard, philosophy contributes significantly to children's personal development by fostering decision-making skills, comparative and critical thinking, and empathy, helping them to understand their own identity and grow as individuals.

Currently, philosophy as a subject is not included in Kazakhstan’s school curriculum. However, drawing on global experience, it is evident that in developed countries such as Western Europe, the USA, Canada, and Australia, philosophical education is systematically implemented at the secondary school level based on the “Philosophy for Children” (P4C) program. Introducing philosophy into the school curriculum contributes not only to the personal development of the child but also to the formation of public consciousness, the strengthening of family relationships, and the cultural and spiritual growth of the country. In this context, the development of philosophy and the promotion of interest in it is a highly important and relevant issue for Kazakh society. Today, Kazakhstan faces various internal and external challenges, including issues in the education system, corruption, social inequality, religious extremism, external ideological influences aimed at weakening national identity, and cultural assimilation within globalization processes. Philosophical education serves as an indispensable spiritual tool to counter such problems. A society with a strong philosophical and national consciousness is more resilient in overcoming global spiritual and existential crises.

The Phenomenon of Ethics and Love in the Philosophical Teachings of Kierkegaard and Shakarim

2025-06-09T04:48:04+00:00

The article presents a comparative analysis of the concepts of morality and love in the worldview of two representatives of religious-philosophical thought – the Danish thinker Søren Kierkegaard and the Kazakh philosopher Shakarim Kudaiberdyuly. Kierkegaard’s existentialist attempt to define moral being through the phenomena of personal responsibility, sin, faith, and love resonates with Shakarim’s ethical doctrine and his assertion that “love and justice are the foundation of humanity.” Both thinkers seek the basis of morality not in rational reason, but in inner spiritual depth and in the relationship between the human and the Divine. The views of Kierkegaard and Shakarim on faith, morality, and love reflect a sincere feeling toward God and all humanity. According to them, all human virtues stem from this foundation. The article examines the religious, philosophical, and ethical dimensions of morality and love, as well as their role in understanding the meaning of human existence. Particular attention is given to the parallels between Kierkegaard’s existentialist concept and Shakarim’s moral doctrine in the context of the search for higher values. Similarities and differences between Kierkegaard’s Christian existentialism and Shakarim’s Sufi philosophy are revealed, and their influence on contemporary moral philosophy is assessed. This work may be useful for the development of intercultural dialogue in the field of philosophy and religious ethics.